Encyclopedia of antislavery and abolition 2 volumes. The situation changed dramatically with the coming of the civil rights movement of the 1950s. Slavery transformed the nations politics, too, eventually resulting in a devastating civil warthe most deadly war in the history of the united. American chattel slavery was a unique institution that emerged in the english colonies in america in the seventeenth century.
Slavery has been found among many groups of low material culture, as in the malay peninsula and among some native americans. List of books and articles about slavery online research. Reviewed in conjunction with encyclopedia of slave resistance and rebellion, rodrigues, greenwood press library journal. Enslaved peoples were held involuntarily as property by slave owners who controlled their labor and freedom.
Dictionary, thesaurus, medical, financial, encyclopedia, wikipedia. Slaves were transported to the cape from a wide range of areas in the indian ocean world, including south and southeast asia, madagascar, and mozambique. In the academic and policy analysis of contemporary slavery, many of the fundamental areas. List of books and articles about slavery online research library. Slavery definition is the practice of slaveholding. A slave is usually acquired by purchase and legally described as chattel john woolman, woolman, john woolman, john some considerations on the keeping of negroes reprinted in early american writing published in 1994 edited by giles gunn. According to the biblical book of exodus, moses led israelite slaves from. As such, it has played an essential role for millennia, and its complete loss of legitimacy and disappearance in practice is one of the most significant of the changes that mark the advent of modernity. I chose these books because i want to study the histories of human religion, economicsfinance. By 1840 most slaves who lived north of the masondixon line were set free. The practice of people owning other people is called slavery. Slavery and the african slave tradechattel slavery has been, and in some parts of the world remains even today, a common feature of human societies. Slaves were transported to the cape from a wide range of areas in the indian ocean world, including south and southeast asia, madagascar, and. A prime example of debt slavery is the system that existed among sharecroppers and landowners in the u.
Planters, newspaper editors, ministers, lawyers, politicians, economists, sociologists, and other writers drew from a variety of sources and approaches to justify the existence of slavery. Slavery simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Slavery was legal in most societies at some time in the past but is now outlawed in all recognized countries. The historical encyclopedia of world slavery 2 volume set.
However the social, economic, and legal positions of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slavery in different times and places. From ancient greece to the modern americas, innumerable governments have. The voyages of european explorers made the trade in africans, and the staples of their labor, top priorities in the exchange and development of european markets and wealth. They consider personal freedom to be a basic human right. In fact, half of the slave owners in the south had fewer than five.
Slavery, slavery slavery is the unconditional servitude of one individual to another. Enslaved people in the antebellum south constituted about onethird of the southern population. With 400 crossreferenced entries, antislavery provides a global look at efforts to combat slavery. Slavery was a major cause of the american civil war, which ended slavery there in 1865. Books about slavery picture books hopkinson, deborah.
In so doing, they were specifying the definition of slavery in america. The united states was founded upon a racial caste system where slavery was legal in all thirteen colonies. Freeing the slaves should be the primary war aim by horace greeley 196 president lincoln has been too deferential to the slave states that have not seceded from the union. More than half of the nearly four million slaves in the south lived on plantations with more than twenty slaves. Slavery, condition in which one human being was owned by another. The historical encyclopedia of world slavery presents 700 topics of world slavery in 500 to 1,500word entries that are extensively crossreferenced with. Historians have marshalled a vast array of sources and offered rich and compelling explanations for these two great tragedies in human history. Although many encyclopedias discuss slavery, enslaved blacks, and african american life and culture, none focus on the material world of slaves, such as what. A civil relationship in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another.
The following information has been prepared to assist those interested in this topic. Look up slavery in wiktionary, the free dictionary. Many people in the north felt that slavery should be illegal in all the united states. In africa, slaves were often taken by other africans by means of capture in warfare. The first work of its kind to document slavery on a global scale, the historical encyclopedia of world slavery is a two volume set that provides an in depth portrayal of human bondage and the slave trade from ancient times to the present.
Thousands of men, women and children were taken in war as captives and reduced, sometimes, to most menial slavery. Information or research assistance regarding american slavery is frequently requested from the smithsonian institution. The last country to officially abolish slavery was mauritania in 1981. In england about 10 percent of the population entered in the domesday book in 1086.
Calling it a moral depravity1 and a hideous blot,2 he believed that slavery presented. States have long demanded reparations from other states at the end of wars. He insisted that human beings do have freedom of choice in all matters even though that choice may be limited by the natural operation of this logos. It often means that slaves are forced to work, or else they will be punished by the law if slavery is legal in that place or by their master. The slave was deprived of personal liberty and the right to move about geographically as he desired. Discover librarianselected research resources on slavery from the questia online library, including fulltext online books, academic journals, magazines. By the eighteenth century, slavery had assumed racial tones as white colonists had come to consider only africans who had been brought to the americas as peoples. The emergence of a sophisticated antislavery ideology and the rise of organized opposition to slavery in the atlantic world in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries represented nothing less than one of the great intellectual and social revolutions in the history of the world. The condition in which one person is owned as property by another and is under the owners control, especially in involuntary. History of slavery definition of history of slavery by the. Black history was promoted very largely at black colleges.
Learn more about the history, legality, and sociology of slavery in this article. List of books and articles about modern slavery online research. During the decade before the civil war threequarters of southern whites did not own slaves, and 72 percent of those who did owned fewer than ten. A primary source is a work that is being studied, or that provides firsthand or direct evidence on a topic. The condition in which one person is owned as property by another and is under the owners control, especially in involuntary servitude. Demands for reparations and apologies for american slavery waxed and waned from the 1880s to the present. The last country in the western hemisphere to end slavery was brazil, in 1888. Booklistreference books bulletin this twovolume encyclopedia. Jul 26, 2015 ten books on slavery you need to read. Ten books on slavery you need to read politico magazine. Over the past six decades, the historiography of atlantic slavery and the slave trade has shown remarkable growth and sophistication. Eastern europeans dispossessed by socialist governments are demanding the return of their property as.
Slavery is when a person, called a slave, is treated as the property of another person, called a master. Top 30 books about slavery nonfiction nonfiction books about slavery provide factual firsthand accounts from a horrific, painful chapter of our nations history. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books. However the social, economic, and legal positions of slaves were vastly different in different systems of slavery in different times and places. Slavery was a form of dependent labour performed by a nonfamily member.
A conservative estimate suggests that perhaps 27 million people still live under some form of slavery in the early twentyfirst century, with perhaps twothirds of them being bonded labor in the indian subcontinent bales 2000, pp. The antislavery movement will welcome this important compilation of work on debt bondage slavery. Recommended for high school, college, and large public libraries. William the conqueror introduced a law preventing the sale of slaves.
They have to work for the owners, doing whatever the owners ask them to do. The survey of this vibrant scholarly tradition throws light on major theoretical and interpretive shifts over time and. By the late 1800s the british abolished slavery in india and in the parts of africa that they controlled. The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day. More than half of the nearly four million slaves in the. During these years he was pastor of a church in mt. With their definition of civil government and the purposes for which it was instituted and with their knowledge of what slavery. Slavery is when a person is treated as the property of another person. Slavery article about slavery by the free dictionary. For much of human history, slavery has constituted an important dimension of social and occupational organization. At the time of the domesday book, nearly 10% of the english population were slaves.
Slavery is the unconditional servitude of one individual to another. The anti slavery movement will welcome this important compilation of work on debt bondage slavery. At some point in history, slavery has plagued nearly every part of the world. Pages in category slavery the following 31 pages are in this category, out of 31 total. Historically, slavery has generally occurred as a means of securing the labour of the slave, without the right of the slave to refuse, leave or receive anything in return for thier labour other than food, accommodation and clothing. After the american revolution, many northern states outlawed slavery. Slavery was a mainstay of the labor force of the cape colony between its foundation by the dutch east india company voc in 1652 and abolition in 1834, by which date the cape was under british rule. When indigenous slavery failed, systematically organized african slavelabor became integral to the complex economic systems of british mercantilism and western capitalism.
It flourishes only where land is cheap, labor is scarce and the laws explicitly protect the institution. Some volunteered to assist the confederate war effort, while many others were forced to support the. Emeritus professor of sociology roehampton university. Black reparations stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Slavery is a social system that grants individuals legal rights in property ownership over others. Slavery existed in many cultures, dating back to early human civilizations.
Now almost all societies consider slavery to be wrong. Clara is taught to sew by another slave on the plantation so that she can work in the big house instead of in the fields. More recently nonstate actors such as the aborigines of australia, the maori of new zealand, and the native americans of north america are demanding the return of their tribal lands from europeans as reparation. While i am by no means an expert, i do not posit myself as such. There were likely to be limits on his capacity to make choices with regard to his occupation and sexual partners as well. Perhaps the most controversial book ever written about american slavery is time on the cross. Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records, such as the mesopotamian code of hammurabi c. A mode of production in which slaves constitute the principal workforce. Encyclopedia of slavery and abolition in the united states a. Reconstruction made the freedmen citizens in 1866 and voters in 1867. Slavery occurs relatively rarely among huntergatherer populations because it develops under conditions of social stratification. Top 30 books about slavery nonfiction about great books.
There is evidence that even before there was writing, there was slavery. Slavery in early roman history seems to have been of the same type as in greece, but by the 1st cent. These people were called abolitionists because they wanted to abolish slavery. Slavery the history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day. Slavery at the cape oxford research encyclopedia of. Soon afterward, clara learns about maps and the underground railroad. Epictetus focus was on the responsibility of the individual to live the best life possible through selfcontrol and a recognition of a force in the universe he called the logos.
A prime example of debt slavery is the system that existed among sharecroppers and landowners in the. Males were usually slain and females kept for slavery and concubinage deuteronomy 21. Discover librarianselected research resources on modern slavery from the questia online library, including fulltext online books, academic journals. William the conqueror introduced a law preventing the sale of. Slavery at the cape oxford research encyclopedia of african. A slave was considered by law as property, or chattel, and was deprived of most of the rights ordinarily held by free persons. Common types of primary sources include works of literature, historical documents, original philosophical writings, and religious texts. Slavery is the social or defacto status of specific persons, known as slaves who are under the control of another person. History of slavery synonyms, history of slavery pronunciation, history of slavery translation, english dictionary definition of history of slavery.
This person is usually called a slave, with the owner being called a slavemaster. A slave is usually acquired by purchase and legally described as chattel or a tangible form of movable property. Slaves fought against their subhuman treatment in a myriad of ways, from passive resistance to armed insurrection. A person could become enslaved from the time of their birth, capture, or purchase. Westward expansion breathed new life into slavery from farmable land to timber and gold, the 19thcentury american west has long been described as a land of opportunity.
The history of slavery originally was the history of the governments laws and policies toward slavery, and the political debates about it. Such slavery, however, was more humane than wholesale butchery according to the customs of earlier times numbers 31. The president is wrong to think that the union can be saved without the abolition of slavery, since slavery is. Slavery was a nearuniversal feature of human societies from the emergence of agriculture until its near disappearance between 1770 and 1880. Dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference books. Slavery definition of slavery by the free dictionary. Virginia had the largest population of enslaved african americans of any state in the confederacy, and those slaves responded to the american civil war 18611865 in a variety of ways. Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing. History of slavery definition of history of slavery by. Then, in 1956, goveia published an outstanding book, slave society in the british. Jeffersons attitudes toward slavery thomas jeffersons monticello. The proslavery argument refers to the defense of chattel slavery that emerged in the late eighteenth century and became more popular in the nineteenth century.
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